{"id":409,"date":"2014-10-15T13:21:02","date_gmt":"2014-10-15T11:21:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/?p=409"},"modified":"2014-10-15T13:21:02","modified_gmt":"2014-10-15T11:21:02","slug":"des-inondations-dans-le-languedoc-roussillon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/?p=409","title":{"rendered":"Des inondations dans le Languedoc-Roussillon"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">&nbsp;Depuis fin septembre, la r\u00e9gion du Languedoc-Roussillon, en France, a connu plusieurs \u00e9pisodes de d\u00e9bordement des eaux. En particulier, le 30 septembre a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par l\u2019inondation de Montpellier suite au d\u00e9bordement du Lez et du Mosson&nbsp;; et la nuit du 6 au 7 octobre a connu des intemp\u00e9ries qui ont provoqu\u00e9 de nouvelles crues dans la r\u00e9gion. M\u00e9t\u00e9o France parle d\u2019&nbsp;\u00ab&nbsp;\u00e9pisodes c\u00e9venols&nbsp;\u00bb. En fait, il s\u2019agit d\u2019<strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">\u00e9pisodes m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ens <\/strong>dans la r\u00e9gion particuli\u00e8re du Languedoc-Roussillon. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>\n<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>\n<o:AllowPNG\/>\n<\/o:OfficeDocumentSettings>\n<\/xml><![endif]--><\/p>\n<p><!--[if gte mso 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5.4pt;\nmso-para-margin-top:0cm;\nmso-para-margin-right:0cm;\nmso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\nmso-para-margin-left:0cm;\nline-height:115%;\nmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\nfont-size:11.0pt;\nfont-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\nmso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\nmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\nmso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\nmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\nmso-ansi-language:EN-US;\nmso-fareast-language:EN-US;}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<![endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">Des inondations, mais pourquoi&nbsp;?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">Le <strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">climat m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en<\/strong> est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par un \u00e9t\u00e9 chaud et sec. En effet, au moment du solstice d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e0 midi, le Soleil est au z\u00e9nith au niveau du tropique du Cancer. Cela signifie que les d\u00e9pressions, comme les anticyclones tropicaux, sont repouss\u00e9s vers le Nord. Au niveau de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, la m\u00e9t\u00e9o est alors influenc\u00e9e par l\u2019anticyclone du Sahara qui lui conf\u00e8re cette caract\u00e9ristique de temps chaud et sec. <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;<\/span>En cons\u00e9quence, la temp\u00e9rature de l\u2019eau de mer augmente, pouvant d\u00e9passer les 25\u00b0C. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">Lorsque les pressions atmosph\u00e9riques diminuent, cela provoque des d\u00e9pressions sur la mer. En fait, la rencontre entre l\u2019air chaud et humide de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re avec l\u2019air plus froid au Nord est tr\u00e8s propice au d\u00e9veloppement de foyers orageux, surtout lorsque la temp\u00e9rature de la mer est plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e. Ces foyers peuvent donner naissance \u00e0 des pluies diluviennes&nbsp;; extr\u00eamement intenses et abondantes. Il est possible de d\u00e9passer 300 mm de quantit\u00e9 de pluies lors de ces \u00e9pisodes&nbsp;!<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">Les \u00e9pisodes m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ens<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">Les \u00e9pisodes les plus marquants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s en 1992, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2010, 2011 et 2014. L\u2019\u00e9pisode du 22 septembre 1992, par exemple, a particuli\u00e8rement frapp\u00e9 les esprits. Il a touch\u00e9 le bassin d\u2019Ouv\u00e8ze et particuli\u00e8rement la r\u00e9gion de Vaison-la-Romaine. En 2002, les 8 et 9 septembre, c\u2019est le Gard qui subit un \u00e9pisode, avec un relev\u00e9 de pluies allant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 713 mm en moins de 24h \u00e0 Cardet, pr\u00e8s d\u2019Al\u00e8s&nbsp;! Tous les \u00e9pisodes ne se produisent toutefois pas en France&nbsp;: les r\u00e9gions du pourtour m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en, comme la vall\u00e9e de l\u2019Arno \u00e0 Florence, sont toutes concern\u00e9es. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">Impacts de ces \u00e9pisodes<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">Les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts dus \u00e0 ces inondations peuvent \u00eatre catastrophiques, au niveau des pertes \u00e9conomiques, mais \u00e9galement humaines et culturelles. L\u2019UNESCO d\u00e9plore par exemple plus de deux millions de volumes rares et d\u2019innombrables manuscrits endommag\u00e9s par ces \u00e9pisodes! Souvent, on constate que les constructions r\u00e9centes r\u00e9sistent beaucoup moins bien \u00e0 ces d\u00e9bordements que les plus anciennes. A Vaison, ainsi, le vieux pont romain a surv\u00e9cu \u00e0 la crue, alors qu\u2019un pont plus r\u00e9cent a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truit. A Sommi\u00e8res, le pont \u00e0 20 arches qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 construit par les romains au-dessus du lit de la Vidourle, ne compte d\u00e9sormais plus que 7 arches&nbsp;: les constructions r\u00e9centes n\u2019ont pas pu r\u00e9sister.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">On peut se demander si ces \u00e9pisodes risquent d\u2019\u00eatre plus fr\u00e9quents, ou plus violents, face au changement climatique. En fait, la r\u00e9ponse n\u2019est pas si \u00e9vidente. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne ne touche pas syst\u00e9matiquement les m\u00eames zones et n\u2019est pas identique d\u2019une fois \u00e0 l\u2019autre. Des facteurs externes agissent sur leurs impacts et sont difficiles \u00e0 prendre en compte&nbsp;: densit\u00e9 de la population \u00e0 l\u2019endroit touch\u00e9, gestion de l\u2019environnement, \u00e9tat et techniques de construction\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR-BE;\" lang=\"FR-BE\">Sources des donn\u00e9es&nbsp;: M\u00e9t\u00e9o France.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;Depuis fin septembre, la r\u00e9gion du Languedoc-Roussillon, en France, a connu plusieurs \u00e9pisodes de d\u00e9bordement des eaux. En particulier, le 30 septembre a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9 par l\u2019inondation de Montpellier suite au d\u00e9bordement du Lez et du Mosson&nbsp;; et la nuit du 6 au 7 octobre a connu des intemp\u00e9ries qui ont provoqu\u00e9 de nouvelles crues [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-409","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-meteo"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/409"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=409"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/409\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=409"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=409"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=409"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}