{"id":435,"date":"2017-08-16T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-08-16T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/?p=435"},"modified":"2017-08-16T11:00:00","modified_gmt":"2017-08-16T09:00:00","slug":"les-facteurs-qui-influencent-le-climat-partie-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/?p=435","title":{"rendered":"Les facteurs qui influencent le climat &#8211; partie 3"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>L\u2019atmosph\u00e8re<\/h2>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>L\u2019atmosph\u00e8re est la couche gazeuse qui entoure la Terre. Elle est compos\u00e9e de 78,087&nbsp;% de diazote, 20,95&nbsp;% de dioxyg\u00e8ne, 0,93&nbsp;% d&rsquo;argon, 0,04&nbsp;% de dioxyde de carbone et des traces d&rsquo;autres gaz. L&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re structure en diff\u00e9rente couches : leurs limites ont \u00e9t\u00e9 fix\u00e9es selon les discontinuit\u00e9s dans les variations de la temp\u00e9rature, en fonction de l&rsquo;altitude. De bas en haut&nbsp;:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">La troposph\u00e8re&nbsp;o\u00f9 la temp\u00e9rature d\u00e9cro\u00eet avec l&rsquo;altitude de la surface du globe; son \u00e9paisseur varie entre 12 et 17 km \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quateur, et une dizaine de kilom\u00e8tres aux p\u00f4les. Elle contient 80 \u00e0 90&nbsp;% de la masse totale de l&rsquo;air et la quasi-totalit\u00e9 de la vapeur d&rsquo;eau. C&rsquo;est dans cette couche que se produisent les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques (nuages, pluies, etc.) et les mouvements atmosph\u00e9riques horizontaux et verticaux (vents, convection thermique). La limite sup\u00e9rieure est la tropopause ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">La stratosph\u00e8re est la couche o\u00f9 la temp\u00e9rature cro\u00eet avec l&rsquo;altitude jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 une temp\u00e9rature de 0&nbsp;\u00b0C (depuis la tropopause jusqu\u2019\u00e0 50 km d&rsquo;altitude la stratopause)&nbsp;; c\u2019est \u00e0 ce niveau que se forme la couche d\u2019ozone qui nous prot\u00e8ge des rayons UV ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">La m\u00e9sosph\u00e8re&nbsp;voit la temp\u00e9rature d\u00e9cro\u00eetre avec l&rsquo;altitude (de la stratopause jusqu\u2019\u00e0 80 km d&rsquo;altitude, la m\u00e9sopause) jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 \u221280&nbsp;\u00b0C&nbsp;;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">La thermosph\u00e8re&nbsp;: la temp\u00e9rature cro\u00eet avec l&rsquo;altitude (de la stratopause \u00e0 350-800 km d&rsquo;altitude)&nbsp;;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">L&rsquo;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exosph%C3%A8re\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: windowtext;\">exosph\u00e8re<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\">&nbsp;: de 350-800 km d&rsquo;altitude \u00e0 50&nbsp;000 km d&rsquo;altitude.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lameteo.blogs.lalibre.be\/media\/02\/02\/30538619.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"media-193154\" style=\"margin: 0.7em 0;\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/lameteo.blogs.lalibre.be\/media\/02\/02\/3542384104.png\" alt=\"atmosphere.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Figure 1 : structure le d&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re terrestre (source astrosurf)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/lameteo.blogs.lalibre.be\/media\/01\/00\/3617274982.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"media-193155\" style=\"margin: 0.7em 0;\" title=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/lameteo.blogs.lalibre.be\/media\/01\/00\/3223381837.jpg\" alt=\"atmosph\u00e8re_a.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Figure 2 : atmosph\u00e8re de la Terre vue de l&rsquo;espace, on y distingue les diff\u00e9rentes couches ( en orange la troposph\u00e8re, en bleu clair la stratosph\u00e8re et la thermosph\u00e8re )<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019atmosph\u00e8re<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-meteo"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/435"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/435\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vandiepenbeeck.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}